Tuesday 7 February 2017

how technology has changed automobiles

REPLACEMENT OF OLD AUTO SYSTEMS
 Improvement is very necessary in every field to develop systems. To improve the efficiency of its systems automobiles also updated their organs. Whereas some systems are fully eliminated like two stroke engines and Magneto ignition system. Continues improvement is going on day by day to acquire the efficiency. As day by day hike on roads of automobiles, big factor is fuel requirement. But we all know natural fuels are very limited. We have to improve the efficiency of our vehicles to drive them for long time. Research is going on to change our inefficient systems in automobiles. Main focus is on the fuel efficient, safety and reduction of human effort while updating the systems.                                                                      So let’s have discussion on some auto systems which are updated   



POWER UNIT The main and first system of automobiles is power unit. Thermal engines are most used power units in the automobiles.  They are updated very much for fuel efficiency and weight reduction. Duel fuels are also adopted for engines like CNG, LPG for gasoline engines . But now days thermal engines are not only power units for automobiles, electric motors are also popular and its is also future of automobiles. Because they can be powered by solar and wind generated electricity. Some concept is also tested for air power and hydrogen also. Fuel cells are newly used in automobiles in electric cars powered by hydrogen.  We are sure as the research is going one day , we will be successful run our cars on water also. Because we know water is oxidized hydrogen i.e. H2O. Combinations of hydrogen and oxygen and as per science they are separate able in to hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is highly combustible gas and oxygen is required gas in combustion.



FUEL SYSTEM    function of fuel system is to distribute the fuel to every cylinder of engine on the very correct time.  As speed of engines is increasing with time ,old fuel systems are not capable for providing fuel on accurate time so they are replaced with CRDI ,MPFI   systems . the old statement ‘injectors are only used in diesel engines’ is uncorrected by  MPFI system. These new fuel systems are very smart, they lead and lag the timings according to the engine requirement. It is controlled by sensors and  knows very well every position of piston and load on engine , according to that inject the amount of fuel  to the engine. As per study these systems are very fuel efficient and smart.


COOLING SYSTEM   Heat is generated in the engine because fuel we fill in the tank is burned inside engine .  Everything has limits, beyond a engine temperature it also require to cool down to a specific temperature which is require to run the engine. So to maintain that temperature the system of  automobile is called the cooling system  , we know generally there are two systems air cooling and water cooling . air cooling is used for bikes and autoriksha . Water cooling is used in cars and other vehicles . in starting  in water cooling system only water is used to cool  the engines   which was not very efficient and so many problems lead to that  like vaporizations of more water , freezing of water in snowing area , scaling in the water jacket of engine . So as per modification a coolant is developed to eliminate all these problems. Now mechanical water pump is separated from the engine belt and replaced by a electric pump which is further controlled by control unit. A thermostat valve is also provided in the cooling system whose work is to open cooling fluid in the jacket which is controlled by control unit.  Now , cooling system is smart it runs only when cooling is required, which is very fuel efficient.

 SUSPENSION SYSTEM   to enjoy the drive on dumpy bumpy roads and to carry a high weight by commercial vehicles, it is very necessary to update the suspension system. Now most of suspension systems are part of best designs in bikes and off road vehicle. In starting of automobiles suspension systems were very noisy and uncomfortable. But  use of fluids ,gases and springs combined ride is very comfortable. Air is also adopted as a component of suspension system. There are also some unconventional suspensions systems are like magnetic suspension. Every vehicles suspension is updated as per requirement.
BRAKING SYSTEM   Brakes are very important part of any vehicle. As all systems are required to run a vehicle, it stops the running vehicle on command of the drivers which is very necessary. Old braking systems are also eliminated with other systems. Mechanical braking systems were used in old vehicles , so a lot of human effort was require to  stop the vehicle and it was a very big task for a drivers which was very uncomfortable. This inefficient system is eliminated by hydraulic brakes, which requires very less effort in braking. In high speed cars skidding is also a big problem, to overcome this problem one more system also required which is called ABS. this system is sensor controlled and active after some calculations in processing unit which controls every activity of vehicle. And make the braking action more efficient ad safe. The newely introduced system is EBD electronic brake distribution
STEERING SYSTEM    as we know steering system is used to steer (turn) the vehicle. Human force is applied on the steering which further is converted in mechanical force .early in the automobiles fully mechanical systems were in use in which drivers has to apply a lot of force which is very uncomfortable for drivers. But with time  that is updated with steering gear ratios and next updated with  Hydraulic steering systems  which are also used now a days and very comfortable in commercial vehicles but in passenger vehicles more modification is required, to see the demand of more fuel efficient cars because hydraulic systems cut power from engine for its pumping unit.  After research the electric steering systems are developed which is very efficient because they are sensor based and use the very less energy.
Now in a car every system is connected with processing unit which is mind of a car which knows everything including temperature and presser inside and outside of engine. Everything is displayed in cluster panel i.e. door open or close, and you are not wearing the seat belt. Even in rainy weather wipers starts automatically.

 But it is not enough, for the future cars smart systems are require which can sense the human expression and emotions. Future cars will be fully expression operated.


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